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 Many people expect to get a prescription for antibiotics whenever they see their doctor for an illness. But the truth is that antibiotics can fight only illnesses caused by bacteria, not those caused by viruses. Yet most of the illnesses we get—colds, flu, bronchitis, and sore throats—are primarily caused by viruses. In these
cases, nonprescription cold and flu medicines—not antibiotics—will provide relief until the illness runs its course.
Did You Know?
- There are two main types of germs that cause
infections: viruses and bacteria.
- Antibiotics cannot cure viral infections. Viral infections get better with time.
- If you take antibiotics when they are not needed, bacteria can become resistant to the antibiotic effect. They are called antibiotic-resistant bacteria. If bacteria become antibiotic-resistant, the antibiotic cannot kill the bacteria, and these resistant bacteria can spread. Resistant bacteria develop because of overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
- Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can cause serious infections and can be spread to other people.
How to Prevent Antibiotic-Resistant Infections
- Use antibiotics only when your doctor prescribes them.
- Never ask for or take an antibiotic for a viral infection such as a cold, cough, or the flu.
- Never take leftover antibiotics or take medication that was prescribed for someone else.
- Always wash your hands thoroughly, using soap and water, for 15 seconds after blowing your nose, using the toilet, and before eating.
| Illness | Usually caused by a virus | Usually caused by bacteria | Is an antibiotic needed? |
| Cold | X | | No |
| Flu | X | | No |
| Chest Cold | X | | No |
| Bronchitis | X | | No |
| Green/yellow runny nose | X | | No |
| Middle-ear infection | | X | Sometimes |
| Sinus infection | | X | Sometimes |
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