Be prepared. Before visiting your doctor, make a detailed list of your concerns, including your symptoms, their duration, intensity and timing. If you have certain questions, jot them down and bring the questions with you, so that you don’t forget to ask them.

Describe symptoms. Give your doctor a brief, clear description of your symptoms — when they started, how often they happen and if they are getting worse or better. Mention any changes you have noticed in your appetite, weight, sleep or energy level, or in the effect medications are having. Also, let your doctor know about any major changes or stresses in your life, such as a move, a divorce or the death of a loved one.

Be honest. Don’t just say what you think the doctor, or perhaps others in your family, might want to hear. Don’t omit something that’s bothering you simply because it is embarrassing or because you think it is unimportant or an inevitable part of aging.

Ask questions. Whether you are discussing test results, a diagnosis of your condition or your doctor’s treatment recommendations, don’t be afraid to ask questions. Discuss alternative treatment options, appropriate medications and/or their side effects, and your prognosis. Also, ask if there are any danger signs you should be aware of that might indicate a worsening of your condition. The more you understand about your medical condition, the better you will be able to deal with it. And don’t be embarrassed if you don’t understand something. Question your doctor when you don’t know the meaning of a medical term or when instructions aren’t clear.

Take notes. Whenever possible, have your doctor provide you with written advice and instructions. Also, writing down what the doctor tells you can help assure that you don’t forget critical information. You might also want to have a relative or close friend with you when you talk to your doctor.